Baseline GridsД«aseline grids are used primarily for horizontal allignment and hierarchy in the layout. This allows for diversity and flexibility within the layout. Modules within the grid can be use for a singular block of information or combined to form a larger block of information seen in Figure 2. Modular grids provide a more flexible format in which illustrations and text can be added structurally. Modular grids are required for a more complex hierarchy which may not be easily achievable by using a multi-column grid. Modular grids are formed using horizontal and vertical divisions from top to bottom and left to right creating modules. The imagery has been arranged in a singular column as well as spanning across two of the three. More so, these columns are used flexibly when arranging the design elements. Figure 1 shows the use of columns for both. Multi-column grids, allow the designer to utilise the spaces for varied content (text and imagery). However, multi-column grids work well for layouts that contain sectioned pieces of information in requiring hierarchy and direction. Single column grids work well for minimalist documents. Based on the columns created, the grid becomes more flexible. Using the ratio provided by Tchichold it is possible to apply both grid design and margin ratioвЂ™s to design a page (see below.)ДЄ multi-column grid has a few columns. As the grid is formed of rectangles using the 2:3 page ratio this means that the actual ratio of the margins is 2:4:3:6 (Inner:outer:top:bottom.) For example if the inner margin was 4cm then the outer margin would be double (8cm) and if the top were 6cm then the bottom would be 12cm. As depicted in the image above the size of each margin is double the size of its opposite side. The margins surrounding the type space are represented by complete grid rectangles. This gives the page a ratio of 2:3 (first discovered by Van de Graaf and then utilised by Tschichold. When measured two rectangles along the left or right side of the page equal the length of three rectangles along the top/bottom. Each segment of the grid is formed of a rectangle. TschicholdвЂ™s method divides a page in to a nine by nine grid with the red rectangle representing the space used for type. The image shows TschicholdвЂ™sВ вЂњgolden canon of page constructionвЂќ parallel to Rosaviros construction of dividing a page into ninths. Typographers and book designers are influenced by these principles to this day inВ page construction. The notion of canons of book page construction was popularized byВ Jan TschicholdВ in the mid to late twentieth century, based on the work ofВ J. Rotating the type area clockwise enables us to see visually how the type area is equal to the width of the page. When repeated, this creates a 9Г—9 grid structure equal to the page proportions at a ratio of 2:3. The inner margin size equals 1/9 of the page likewise, the head margin is 1/9 also. This is my understanding of the layout and how it is divided. Following, a diagonal line is drawn to meet the opposite significant points. From these points a line is upwards to the edge of the page. This intersection creates the first two significant points. Once there are two separate pages, diagonal lines are drawn from each bottom corner to the separating centre line of the layout. From this a vertical line is drawn to create a division and results in two separate pages. Two diagonal lines are drawn to create a centre point, the middle of the page. To achieve this, line are drawn diagonally and vertically at specific points to divide the page.

Golden ratio design examples